Customers and manufacturers of off-highway equipment have never before been faced with so many powertrain options. The challenge of arriving at an optimal solution is complicated by the sheer range of operational duty cycles that off-highway equipment – from construction equipment and industrial vehicles to agricultural tractors and harvesters – are subjected to throughout their working lives. Ricardo is ideally placed to assist with the challenge of identifying the whole-life cost-optimal solution using robust hybrid technologies – including hydraulic, mechanical and electrical systems – to meet legislative and operational demands.